シャドーイング練習: Stem Cells - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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The human body contains organs such as bones, the brain, heart, and reproductive organs.
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The basic cells that give rise to all of the different cells in these organs are called stem cells.
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One type of stem cell is an egg cell from a woman that has been fertilized by a sperm from a man.
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This single cell, called a zygote, is the first cell in a developing human being.
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It's also called a totipotent stem cell because it can form any type of cell in the body,
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as well as the umbilical cord and placenta.
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After a zygote has divided a few times, it becomes an early-stage embryo called a blastocyst.
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Embryonic stem cells come from the cells inside the blastocyst.
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Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent.
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This means they can form any cell in the body, but not the cells in the umbilical cord or placenta.
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In the lab, embryonic stem cells are donated from leftover embryos created during in vitro fertilization.
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In vitro fertilization is a procedure to help a woman become pregnant.
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Another type of stem cell is an adult stem cell.
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Small groups of these cells are found in some organs, such as the skin, after birth, and into adulthood.
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Adult stem cells are multipodent.
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This means they can only become a few different cell types related to the organ where they're found.
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For example, the skin contains a small number of adult stem cells that can divide to create new skin adult stem cells.
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Or, they can become more specialized skin cells to replace those that are lost due to cell aging or damage.
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In the lab, scientists can now induce or cause a regular body cell, such as a skin cell,
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to change into a pluripotent stem cell.
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Like embryonic stem cells, these induced pluripotent stem cells can become any type of cell in the body.
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Scientists study stem cells to learn how and why they become many different types of cells.
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In the future, these cells may be used to regrow tissues and organs that have been damaged by injury or disease.
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Stem cell therapy is a procedure that uses stem cells to treat a disease or condition.
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Currently, stem cell therapy only treats diseases and cancers of the blood.
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In leukemia, for example, the patient's bone marrow makes many abnormal white blood cells that can't do their job to fight infection.
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Over time, these abnormal cells crowd out the production of healthy white blood cells.
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In stem cell therapy for leukemia, called hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,
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a a doctor will take a sample of blood or bone marrow from the patient or a donor.
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In some cases, donor blood may come from a baby's umbilical cord after it's born.
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These tissue samples contain healthy hematopoietic or blood-forming stem cells.
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Then, doctors will give the patient chemotherapy drugs or use radiation to kill the abnormal white blood cells and their stem cells.
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Once the abnormal cells are gone, the doctor will transplant the healthy hematopoietic stem cells from the tissue samples into the patient.
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These healthy stem cells will make new blood cells, including normal white blood cells, which will allow the body to fight off infections.
このレッスンについて
「Stem Cells」を使って、シャドーイングで英語を練習しましょう。
毎日15〜30分の練習で、IELTSスピーキングへの自信と実践的な英会話力が身につきます。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。