跟读练习: Adverb and Adjective Choices in Conversation - 通过视频学习英语口语
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From VOA Learning English, this is Everyday Grammar.
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Imagine two American students are talking outside of their school.
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Let's listen to the imaginary conversation.
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Today is going slow.
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Yeah, I guess we should study for our grammar test.
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That sounds like a terrible idea.
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Yeah, but if we don't study, we won't do good on the test.
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Fine.
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Let's go study our notes quick.
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Then we can play video games.
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These bad students may hate grammar,
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but they just taught you some common grammatical structures in conversational American English.
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In today's report, we will study how conversational grammar differs from written and formal grammatical structures.
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We will show you how some Americans use adjectives and adverbs in casual conversation.
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Adjectives are words that give information about nouns.
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They generally appear before nouns, although they also appear after linking verbs.
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Here are two examples.
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You are a good student.
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Learning English is fun.
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In the two example sentences, the words good and fun are adjectives.
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They are telling you something about a noun.
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Adverbs are often used to modify adjectives or verbs.
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They give information about reason, manner, time, and so on.
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For example, the adverb loudly appears in this sentence.
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We sang loudly.
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The adverb loudly modifies the past tense verb sang.
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It tells about the way in which the subject, we, sang.
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Adverbs often have an ly ending, but there are many that do not.
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You can read more about adverbs in past everyday grammar stories.
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Let's think back to the conversation we heard at the beginning of the story.
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Today is going slow.
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Yeah, I guess we should study for our grammar test.
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That sounds like a terrible idea.
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Yeah, but if we don't study, we won't do good on the test.
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Fine.
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Let's go study our notes quick.
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Then we can play video games.
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Notice that the words are used differently from what might be taught in an English class.
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In casual conversation, Americans often use adjective forms in place of adverbs.
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They may use adjective forms to modify verbs.
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For example, the students use good,
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a word that is normally an adjective, as an adverb.
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One student says, we won't do good on the test.
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In writing and in formal conversation, Americans generally do not use the word good this way.
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Instead, they use the word well.
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In formal writing or speaking, you would be more likely to see or hear the sentence,
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we won't do well on the test.
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Americans also may use an adverb but choose not to say an ly ending.
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For example, the student says, today is going slow, instead of today is going slowly.
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You would be more likely to read slowly in academic writing,
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write Susan Conrad and Douglas Biber, two English grammar experts.
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These grammatical structures are not necessarily slang.
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They are not necessarily impolite, either.
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You might hear some of these structures in a restaurant, at a job fair, or even at work.
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For example, a boss might tell an employee, we need to do this quick,
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about a project that must be completed quickly.
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This is the same pattern that the students used in their conversation.
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Conrad and Beiber say that in formal speech and writing, adjective forms are almost never used to modify verbs.
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In addition, adverbs with ly endings are more common in writing,
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particularly in academic and news writing.
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The good news is this.
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We are not asking you to memorize any of the patterns we have talked about today.
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What we hope to do is show you that the grammatical patterns in conversation
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do not always match the patterns used in formal writing or speech.
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There is more flexibility in casual speech.
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Understanding this idea will help you understand Americans when they speak,
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and it will help you sound more natural when you speak to Americans.
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You might also be pleased to know that Americans will not judge you severely
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if you use an adjective in place of an adverb.
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In fact, they probably would do the same.
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I'm Jill Robbins. And I'm John Russell.
誰適合這支影片？
無論你是準備雅思口语练习的考生，還是想提升日常口語的學習者，這支影片都能幫你掌握美式對話中的「潛規則」。它不教生硬的文法條款，而是透過真實對話展示形容詞與副詞的「非正式用法」，特別適合想擺脫「書面語腔調」、說出自然英語的人。
值得學起來的表達
影片中的對話藏著不少實用短語，比如「Today is going slow」（今天過得很慢）、「do good on the test」（考得好）。這裡的「slow」和「good」並非文法錯誤，而是美式口語中用形容詞代替副詞的常見現象。另外，「That sounds like a terrible idea」（這主意聽起來很糟）也是日常交流中表達反對的自然說法，值得納入口語詞庫。
如何練出地道口音？
想透過看视频学英语提升發音，不妨試試「影子跟讀法」（shadowing）。打開影片，跟著對話者的語調、節奏重複，注意他們如何弱化「ly」尾音（比如把「slowly」說成「slow」），以及「good」在口語中替代「well」的輕鬆感。若想找合適的shadowing site，可以搜尋「shadowspeaks」或「shadowspeak」相關資源，反覆模仿對話中的語氣變化，你會發現自己的口語越來越像「 native speaker 」。
別小看這些「不規範」的用法，它們恰恰是讓你從「會說英語」到「說好英語」的關鍵。趕快打開影片，一邊觀看一邊練習吧！
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。