跟读练习: Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools.
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And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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I gave out homework assignments.
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When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference between my best and my worst students.
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Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.
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Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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And that got me thinking.
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The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math, sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.
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But these concepts are not impossible, and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough.
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After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion that what we need in education is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective.
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In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.
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But what if doing well in school and in life depends on much more than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why?
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My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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We tried to predict which cadets would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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We went to the National Spelling Bee and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.
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We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods, asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching by the end of the school year, and of those, who will be the most effective at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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We partnered with private companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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And who's going to earn the most money?
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In all those very different contexts, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.
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And it wasn't social intelligence.
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It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't IQ.
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It was grit.
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Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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Grit is having stamina.
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Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make that future a reality.
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Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.
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I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate.
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Turns out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, standardized achievement test scores, even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee that grit matters.
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It's also in school, especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it.
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Every day, parents and teachers ask me, "How do I build grit in kids?
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What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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How do I keep them motivated for the long run?" The honest answer is, I don't know.
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(Laughter) What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called "growth mindset." This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort.
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Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn about the brain and how it changes and grows in response to challenge, they're much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.
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So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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But we need more.
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And that's where I'm going to end my remarks, because that's where we are.
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That's the work that stands before us.
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We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions, and we need to test them.
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We need to measure whether we've been successful, and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.
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In other words, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.
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Thank you. (Applause)
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关于本课：深度探讨“坚毅”的力量
本课程基于Angela Lee Duckworth的TED演讲《坚毅：热情与毅力的力量》。在这段启发人心的演讲中，Duckworth博士分享了她作为教师和心理学家的经历与研究，揭示了成功的关键并非仅仅是智商（IQ），而是一种被称为“坚毅”（Grit）的特质——对长期目标的激情和持之以恒的毅力。她通过在西点军校、全国拼字比赛等多个挑战性环境中的研究，证明了坚毅是预测成功的重要因素。
通过学习本视频，您将能够：
- 词汇主题: 掌握“坚毅”、毅力、天赋、成长型思维等抽象名词和学术概念，以及用于描述研究、成功与失败的动词和短语。这些词汇对于提升您的学术英语水平和雅思口语表达能力非常有帮助。
- 语法模式: 熟悉如何清晰地阐述论点、提供证据、对比观点以及使用条件句和复杂句式来表达心理学和教育学研究。
- 口语场景: 练习在正式场合（如演讲、学术讨论）表达个人观点和研究发现，探讨成功、教育、心理学等主题，有效提升您的英语口语练习能力。
重要词汇和短语
- Grit (n.) – 坚毅；指对长期目标充满激情并持之以恒的毅力。
- Perseverance (n.) – 坚韧不拔，毅力；指在面对困难时不放弃的品质。
- Stratospheric IQ scores – 极高的智商分数；形容智商非常高。
- Sticking with your future – 坚持你的未来/目标；意味着长期致力于实现个人愿景。
- Marathon, not a sprint – 马拉松，而非短跑；比喻成功需要长期不懈的努力，而不是短期冲刺。
- Follow through on commitments – 履行承诺；指完成你已经承诺要做的事情。
- Inversely related to – 与...成反比；一个量增加时，另一个量减少。
- Growth mindset – 成长型思维；认为能力并非固定不变，可以通过努力和学习得到提升的信念。
本视频练习技巧：提升你的英语口语与流利度
这段TED演讲是进行英语口语练习和发音练习的绝佳素材。以下是一些具体的跟读技巧，帮助您高效学习：
- 语速与清晰度: Angela Duckworth的语速适中，发音清晰，是学习标准美式英语口音的好范本。请尝试逐句跟读，模仿她说话的节奏、停顿和重音，这对于提升您的英语流利度至关重要。
- 发音与语调: 特别注意她如何强调关键词，比如“grit”、“passion”、“perseverance”，以及在对比概念（如“IQ vs. grit”，“marathon vs. sprint”）时的语调变化。这能帮助您掌握英语表达的感情色彩和逻辑重音。
- 内容深度与雅思口语: 演讲内容涉及心理学、教育和个人成功等抽象主题，非常贴近雅思口语高级话题。在跟读和模仿之后，尝试用自己的语言总结演讲的要点，并思考如何将“坚毅”这个概念应用到您自己的学习或生活经历中，以锻炼即兴表达能力。
- 跟读技巧: 先听一遍理解大意，然后分段精听并逐句模仿。在模仿时，不仅要跟读单词的发音，更要模仿句子的语调、重音和连读。录下自己的跟读，与原声进行对比，找出并改进不足之处。这有助于巩固您的发音练习成果。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。
如何在ShadowingEnglish上有效练习
- 选择您的视频： 挑选一段语音清晰、自然的YouTube视频。TED演讲，BBC新闻，电影片段，播客或雅思口语范例都很好。将URL粘贴到搜索栏中。从较短的视频（短于5分钟）以及您真正感兴趣的内容开始——兴趣是最重要的导师。
- 先听，理解上下文： 第一次听的时候，将速度保持在1倍速并仅仅倾听。还不要尝试重复。专注于理解其含义，收集新词汇，并注意讲话人如何强调单词，连读声音及使用停顿。
- 设置跟读模式：
- 等待模式：选择
+3s或+5s——在每句话播放完毕后，视频会自动暂停以便您有时间大声重复它。如果您想完全控制并在每次重复后由您自己点击下一步，请选择手动。 - 字幕同步：YouTube字幕有时会在音频前或后略微出现。使用
±100ms使它们完美对齐以助您准确跟读。
- 等待模式：选择
- 大声跟读（核心练习）： 这是真正发生改变的一步。当一个句子播放出来立刻——或在暂停期间——大声、清晰且自信地重复出来。千万不要只是张张嘴：要模仿说话者的准确节奏、重音、音高和连读。力求听上去就像说话者的影子，而不仅是逐字背诵。使用重复功能多次练习同一个句子，直到感觉自然为止。
- 提高难度： 当练习段落变得相对舒适后，就去挑战自我。将速度增加至 <code>1.25x</code> 或甚至 <code>1.5x</code> 以训练高速语言反射。或者将等待模式调整为 <code>关闭</code> 以进行连续跟读——这是最进阶同样收益最大的模式。持续的每日15–30分钟的练习将可以在几周内产生可见的效果。