跟读练习: How stress affects your body - Sharon Horesh Bergquist - 通过YouTube学习英语口语
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33 句
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Cramming for a test?
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Trying to get more done than you have time to do?
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Stress is a feeling we all experience when we are challenged or overwhelmed.
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But more than just an emotion, stress is a hardwired physical response that travels throughout your entire body.
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In the short term, stress can be advantageous, but when activated too often or too long, your primitive fight or flight stress response not only changes your brain but also damages many of the other organs and cells throughout your body.
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Your adrenal gland releases the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, and norepinephrine.
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As these hormones travel through your blood stream, they easily reach your blood vessels and heart.
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Adrenaline causes your heart to beat faster and raises your blood pressure, over time causing hypertension.
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Cortisol can also cause the endothelium, or inner lining of blood vessels, to not function normally.
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Scientists now know that this is an early step in triggering the process of atherosclerosis or cholesterol plaque build up in your arteries.
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Together, these changes increase your chances of a heart attack or stroke.
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When your brain senses stress, it activates your autonomic nervous system.
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Through this network of nerve connections, your big brain communicates stress to your enteric, or intestinal nervous system.
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Besides causing butterflies in your stomach, this brain-gut connection can disturb the natural rhythmic contractions that move food through your gut, leading to irritable bowel syndrome, and can increase your gut sensitivity to acid, making you more likely to feel heartburn.
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Via the gut's nervous system, stress can also change the composition and function of your gut bacteria, which may affect your digestive and overall health.
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Speaking of digestion, does chronic stress affect your waistline?
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Well, yes. Cortisol can increase your appetite.
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It tells your body to replenish your energy stores with energy dense foods and carbs, causing you to crave comfort foods.
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High levels of cortisol can also cause you to put on those extra calories as visceral or deep belly fat.
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This type of fat doesn't just make it harder to button your pants.
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It is an organ that actively releases hormones and immune system chemicals called cytokines that can increase your risk of developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease and insulin resistance.
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Meanwhile, stress hormones affect immune cells in a variety of ways.
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Initially, they help prepare to fight invaders and heal after injury, but chronic stress can dampen function of some immune cells, make you more susceptible to infections, and slow the rate you heal.
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Want to live a long life?
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You may have to curb your chronic stress.
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That's because it has even been associated with shortened telomeres, the shoelace tip ends of chromosomes that measure a cell's age.
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Telomeres cap chromosomes to allow DNA to get copied every time a cell divides without damaging the cell's genetic code, and they shorten with each cell division.
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When telomeres become too short, a cell can no longer divide and it dies.
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As if all that weren't enough, chronic stress has even more ways it can sabotage your health, including acne, hair loss, sexual dysfunction, headaches, muscle tension, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and irritability.
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So, what does all this mean for you?
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Your life will always be filled with stressful situations.
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But what matters to your brain and entire body is how you respond to that stress.
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If you can view those situations as challenges you can control and master, rather than as threats that are insurmountable, you will perform better in the short run and stay healthy in the long run.
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关于本课
本课基于Sharon Horesh Bergquist的演讲，深入探讨了压力如何影响我们的身体健康。学习者将通过分析视频内容，练习与健康、压力和身体反应相关的词汇和专业短语。课堂将重点关注以下几个方面：压力的生理反应、压力激素的影响、以及长期压力对身体的潜在危害。学习者将在口语场景中尝试描述自己的压力体验和应对策略，提升英语交流能力，尤其在雅思口语和日常对话中的流利度。
重要词汇和短语
- Stress (压力)：一种在面对挑战或困扰时的情感反应。
- Cortisol (皮质醇)：一种与压力相关的激素，对身体多个系统产生影响。
- Fight or flight response (战斗或逃跑反应)：身体在面临威胁时的自然反应模式。
- Adrenaline (肾上腺素)：一种提升身体能量和反应速度的激素。
- Irritable bowel syndrome (肠易激综合征)：一种常见的消化系统疾病，常因压力诱发。
- Telomeres (端粒)：染色体末端结构，与细胞衰老相关。
- Visceral fat (内脏脂肪)：深层脂肪，可能导致健康问题。
本视频练习技巧
在跟读这段内容时，请注意控制语速，开始时可以慢一点，确保发音准确。在掌握基本的发音后，逐渐提高速度，达到自然流畅的状态。建议重复观看视频，模仿演讲者的口音和语调，提升自身的发音技巧。该主题难度适中，适合中级及以上水平的学习者。通过本练习，学习者不仅能够增强口语能力，还能提升对健康相关话题的理解与表达能力。在描绘和讨论压力和健康的关系时，使用新学的词汇，帮助你在雅思口语考试或者日常会话中更加自信。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。
如何在ShadowingEnglish上有效练习
- 选择您的视频： 挑选一段语音清晰、自然的YouTube视频。TED演讲，BBC新闻，电影片段，播客或雅思口语范例都很好。将URL粘贴到搜索栏中。从较短的视频（短于5分钟）以及您真正感兴趣的内容开始——兴趣是最重要的导师。
- 先听，理解上下文： 第一次听的时候，将速度保持在1倍速并仅仅倾听。还不要尝试重复。专注于理解其含义，收集新词汇，并注意讲话人如何强调单词，连读声音及使用停顿。
- 设置跟读模式：
- 等待模式：选择
+3s或+5s——在每句话播放完毕后，视频会自动暂停以便您有时间大声重复它。如果您想完全控制并在每次重复后由您自己点击下一步，请选择手动。 - 字幕同步：YouTube字幕有时会在音频前或后略微出现。使用
±100ms使它们完美对齐以助您准确跟读。
- 等待模式：选择
- 大声跟读（核心练习）： 这是真正发生改变的一步。当一个句子播放出来立刻——或在暂停期间——大声、清晰且自信地重复出来。千万不要只是张张嘴：要模仿说话者的准确节奏、重音、音高和连读。力求听上去就像说话者的影子，而不仅是逐字背诵。使用重复功能多次练习同一个句子，直到感觉自然为止。
- 提高难度： 当练习段落变得相对舒适后，就去挑战自我。将速度增加至 <code>1.25x</code> 或甚至 <code>1.5x</code> 以训练高速语言反射。或者将等待模式调整为 <code>关闭</code> 以进行连续跟读——这是最进阶同样收益最大的模式。持续的每日15–30分钟的练习将可以在几周内产生可见的效果。